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"In the internet age, pornography use is more popular and accessible than ever before; for example, in one survey of young people aged 15 to 29 years, 100% of young men and 81% of young women had ever viewed pornography [1]. With consideration of its nearly ubiquitous nature, pornography is argued to influence the sexual socialization of its viewers, impacting upon beliefs of what is normal and desirable in sexual contexts [2]. Young people have reported that viewing pornography can allow exploration and education around sexuality via exposure to new and appealing behaviors [3,4]. Regardless, it is most likely that pornography’s effect on the viewer, be it positive or negative, are at least partially impacted by the types of behaviors that they are viewing [2]."
"Research has found links between pornography use and potential harms. For example, a large body of research indicates that pornography use is associated with greater unsafe sexual practices and more sexual partners [5,6], and condomless sex among men who have sex with men [7]. Around half of men who have sex with men have reported perceptions that pornography has contributed to their engagement in “riskier” sexual behaviors, while over 90% have fantasized about engaging in similar acts to those seen in pornography [7]. Young people have reported a perception that pornography impacts their sexual relationships, including influencing their understandings of what is normal and desirable, leading to pressure from partners to perform certain acts (eg, young women have reported feeling pressured to engage in anal intercourse with their male partners [8])."
"Many individuals have expressed concerns that with the rise of the internet, pornography is becoming more extreme as well as more accessible. Estimates indicate that while 18% of adolescents have been exposed to affection-themed pornography, 18% have been exposed to pornography with themes of dominance, and 10% have been exposed to violent pornography, with exposure to more extreme genres increasing with age [9]. With consideration of the abundance of free pornography currently available, pornography producers have described a competitive climate in which films must show increasingly extreme or niche acts across multiple mediums in order to stand out from other pornography films and appeal to as many sexual desires as possible [10]. In qualitative research, young people have described acts that some people would describe as degrading or violent as being common and normalized in pornography, such as ejaculating on women’s faces and apparently nonconsensual bondage, dominance, and sadomasochism (BDSM) [11,12]. Frequency of pornography use and the number of pornography genres viewed have both been associated with higher sexual preferences for types of sexual practices presented in pornography [6]. Of particular concern, a recent meta-analysis has found that using pornography is associated with increased sexual aggression for both men and women, with stronger associations for verbal than physical aggression [13]. The relationship between sexual aggression perpetration and intentional exposure to pornographic material appear to be stronger for violent pornography compared with nonviolent pornography [14]. Pornography use has also been associated with stronger attitudes supporting violence against women [15]."
"Sexual Behaviors and Violence in Pornography: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Video Content Analyses." Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020 May; 22(5): e16702. PMC7256746. doi:10.2196/16702.